Democratization and Market Reform in Developing and Transitional Countries: Think Tanks as Catalysts by James G. McGann

Author:James G. McGann [McGann, James G.]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Development, Public Policy, Democracy, Structural Adjustment, Political Ideologies, Developing & Emerging Countries, Social Science, Economic Development, Political Science, Business & Economics, Economic Policy, General
ISBN: 9781135224936
Google: LLaMAgAAQBAJ
Goodreads: 17511796
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2009-12-01T00:00:00+00:00

Table 8.4 Timeline of Democratization in South Africa

Governmental activity1 Year Think-tank activity

* * *

NP comes into power and begins systematically formalizing apartheid by law.2 1948

70 black protestors killed in Sharpeville.

ANC banned. 1960

South Africa gains independence from UK and becomes a republic. 'Separate Development' begins. 1961

Mandela forms military wing of ANC.

Mandela sentenced to life in prison. 1964

Prime Minister Hendrik Verwoerd assassinated. 1966

UN labels apartheid, 'a crime against humanity' and imposes sanctions. 1968

600 blacks killed in riots which begin in Soweto. 1976

State of emergency declared after township revolts. 1984

Interracial marriage legalized. 1985

Multiracial political parties allowed.3

US Comprehensive Antiapartheid Act with five conditions to be met.4 1986 Dr Alex Boraine and Dr Frederick Van Zyl Slabbert resign as Members of Parliament in protest over 'the bankruptcy of government and the politics of exclusion, repression and resistance fostered by the apartheid state'.5

IDASA established.

IDASA focuses on building a climate for democracy, searching for a non-racial and democratic alternative to apartheid.6

1987 CPS established.7

IDASA holds first major conference which discusses democracy in relation to seven major areas of society.8

DASA holds second conference in Dakar which results in the Dakar Communiqué to express the unanimous commitment to establishing a non-racial democracy.9

IDASA organizes local forums to bring people together.10

1988 July IDASA holds conference, The Freedom Charter and the Future: A Critical Appraisal in Cape Town.11

August De Klerk wins election.

December De Klerk meets with Mandela.

Public facilities desegregated, many ANC activists freed from prison. 1989

February: De Klerk legalizes ANC, PAC, SACP, and more political parties. Leaders allowed to return from exile, including Mandela..12 1990 IDASA restructured in light of the February de Klerk speech.13

IDASA begins role as, 'critical ally of transition' (through 1993).14

IDASA holds conference for large group of white South Africans involved in South African Defense Force and members of the military wing of the ANC; first initiative to address SADF/MK relations.15

Multiparty talks begin.

Apartheid laws repealed.

International sanctions lifted. 1991 CPS publishes 'Local Negotiations, Corporatism and Political Symbolism.'16

1992 CPS begins to operate independently.17

CPS publishes 'Post-apartheid South Africa: Lessons from Brazil's "Nova Republica' Comparative Perspectives Series, 'The Shapers of Things to Come? National Party Choices in the South African transition.'18

IDASA establishes the Training Center for Democracy in Johannesburg.19

IDASA holds conference Policing in South Africa in the 1990s; police members meet with political leaders and intellectuals.20

IDASA launches Constitutional Safaris (through 1994).

Interim constitution approved. 1993 CPS holds research seminar on 'Violence and Conflict: Is Development a Cause or a Cure?'21

IDASA sponsors regional forums concerning economic justice, education, human rights, the media, and grassroots involvement.22

IDASA prepares for the upcoming free and fair elections by reviewing policy, monitoring electoral legislation, educating voters, and observer training.23

ANC wins first fair (non-racial) elections.

Mandela becomes President. 1994 CPS holds research seminar entitled 'Consolidation Challenges of New Democracies.'24

IDASA organizes five 'high-level trips for drafters of the new South African Constitution to England, Switzerland, Portugal, the US, Canada, India and Australia.'25

1995 IDASA establishes the Public Information Center.26

IDASA begins Community Policing Forums to promote better policing.

New constitution approved.

Truth and Reconciliation Commission led by Archbishop Desmond Tutu begins investigations into human-rights violations of apartheid government. 1996 CPS becomes independent organization.

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